A significant transformation in seed regulations in Canada is on the horizon, marking the first major update in over a century since the regulations were initially established in 1905. However, despite the extensive five-year modernization process involving 150 stakeholders in the national seed sector, critics and certain stakeholders are expressing disappointment with the proposed changes put forth by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).
The CFIA has introduced 52 proposed modifications aimed at overseeing the development, importation, labeling, and marketing of seeds. These changes are categorized into three main areas: reducing red tape and administrative burdens, fostering innovation and market competitiveness, and safeguarding consumers, growers, and the environment.
While some positives have been acknowledged in the proposed amendments, such as the formation of a stakeholder advisory committee to facilitate further adjustments and enhance communication between industry players and the CFIA, criticisms have surfaced. Lauren Comin, director of policy at Seeds Canada, highlighted that the refresh timeline initiated in 2018 has not lived up to expectations. She pointed out that the pace of innovation has outstripped the progress made through the modernization process, leaving the sector lagging behind.
Furthermore, concerns have been raised about the failure to effectively reduce regulatory complexities, potentially resulting in added costs for the industry. Missed opportunities for change, like enabling seed production facilities to self-inspect their products instead of mandating third-party audits, have led to amendments that are deemed largely neutral rather than beneficial.
Chris Churko, CEO of FP Genetics, expressed a similar sentiment, stating that the proposed changes are unlikely to bring about the anticipated transformative impact on the business. However, he praised certain aspects, such as the incorporation of standards and requirements for seed quality and labeling by reference, which could streamline future modifications without the need for formal regulatory changes.
Churko emphasized the need for alignment with other relevant legislation, particularly the Plant Breeders Rights Act, to enhance intellectual property protection for seed breeders and producers. He highlighted the necessity for stringent regulations to ensure the quality and purity of seeds, advocating for licensing requirements for cleaners to combat illicit trade and safeguard farmers’ interests.
Despite the current reservations expressed by stakeholders like Comin and Churko, there remains optimism for further advancements in the seed sector. The proposed changes are expected to undergo stakeholder feedback and Indigenous consultations in early 2026 before being published in Part 1 of the Canada Gazette later the same year. Adjustments based on feedback will be made before final approval from a minister, leading to the enforcement of the revised regulations published in Part 2 of the Canada Gazette.